This paper investigates the links between strategic minerals and foreign direct investment. I contribute to the literature on the FDI-resource curse by studying strategic minerals, the fundamental raw material of the energy transition.
The paper presents a precise overview of strategic minerals, their uses, and the geographical distribution of mineral production. This presentation highlights the novelties and peculiarities of strategic minerals which, due to their plurality, complexity and interdependencies, represent an energy commodity quite different from hydrocarbons, but of capital interest for the needs of the energy transition.
The econometric study in panel data at the macroeconomic level allows to find the results of the literature, namely a negative relationship between foreign direct investments and the presence of hydrocarbons, the FDI-resource curse. The core of my results contributes to the literature by showing a positive relationship between FDI and the presence of strategic minerals. Strategic minerals thus escape the FDI-resource curse. These results can be explained by the new and particular characteristics of strategic minerals which represent new stakes and do not obey the same rules as hydrocarbons. The paper therefore discusses the ambiguous economic consequences of this positive relationship between minerals and foreign investment.
Finally, the paper raises the consequences in terms of geopolitical strategies around strategic minerals issues, in terms of production, needs and energy sovereignty, and highlights China's global strategy and foresight.
Mot(s) clé(s)
strategic minerals, foreign direct investments, resource curse
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