Photo César Ducruet

CÉSAR DUCRUET

DIRECTEUR(TRICE) DE RECHERCHE

Research interests

  • arrow_right Intégration territoriale
  • arrow_right Relations multiscalaires
  • arrow_right Mondialisation
  • arrow_right Indicateur socio-économique

Research group

    Transitions, Environnement, Énergie, Institutions, Territoires

Contact

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2024-24

Shipping Trade and Geopolitical Turmoils: The Case of the Ukrainian Maritime Network

Fabio Cremaschini, César Ducruet, Marc-Antoine Faure, Bárbara Polo Martin

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Abstract
Conflicts, whether political, commercial or military, affect transport networks. Operators seek to avoid the most tense areas or reconsider certain routes. Certain links can be disrupted in case of local geopolitical tensions, which can have a significant global impact. The article is devoted to studying Ukraine’s maritime network and identifying changes in these structures because of the conflict that started in 2014. The purpose of the paper is to measure and visualise the main changes in the Ukrainian seaport system and maritime forelands from 2010 until the most recent data available (December 2023), from a network models, bilateral trade and route simulation framework. The principal results confirm the huge impact of military conflict on port connectivity, thereby contributing to the recent literature on shipping network vulnerability.
Mot(s) clé(s)
Black Sea, Complex networks, Shipping Trade, Russian-Ukrainian War
2023-32

Ports and their influence on local air pollution and public health: a global analysis

César Ducruet, Hidekazu Itoh, Hidekazu Itoh, Mariantonia Lo Prete, Yoann Pigné, Bárbara Polo Martin, Ling Sun, Mame Astou Séné

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Abstract
Despite the skyrocketing growth of environmental studies in recent decades about ports and shipping, the local health impacts of ports remain largely under-researched. This article wishes to tackle this lacuna by statistically analyzing data on global shipping flows across nearly 5,000 ports in 35 OECD countries between 2001 and 2018. The different traffic types, from containers to bulks and passengers, are analyzed jointly with data on natural conditions, air pollution, socio-economic features, and public health. Main results show that port regions pollute more than non-port regions on average, while health impacts vary according to the size and specialization of port regions. Three types of port regions are clearly differentiated, of which industrial, intermediate, and metropolitan port regions.
Mot(s) clé(s)
health; maritime transport; air pollution; port region; vessel movements
2022-12

Maritime trade and economic development in North Korea

César Ducruet, In Joo Yoon

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Abstract
The North Korean economy is experiencing a deepening economic and political crisis since the early 1990s. Although North Korea is not commonly seen as a shipping nation, its major cities are coastal, and it hosts nine international trading ports. However, little is known about the role of maritime transport in its development. This article uses vessel movement data to reconstitute the maritime network linking North Korean ports and other ports, over the period 1977-2021. Besides the drastic connectivity loss, main results conclude about a limited role of maritime transport in economic development, except for its participation to China's increasing grip on North Korea. This research brings new knowledge about North Korea and contributes to advance maritime network studies in general.
Mot(s) clé(s)
multivariate analysis, international trade, maritime connectivity, network analysis
2022-17

Inland cities, maritime gateways, and international trade

César Ducruet, David Guerrero

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Abstract
This research discusses the different spatial configurations of the nexus between inland city and port gateway. A comparative analysis of 64 inland capital cities is proposed based on port, transport, trade, and urban indicators. The obtained trends suggest that there is a trade-off between remoteness and trade openness, which differentiates three clusters of inland cities: major logistics hubs, constrained metropolises, and underdeveloped corridors. We review more qualitatively intermodalism and port choice issues along six selected corridors.
Mot(s) clé(s)
corridor; freight flows; maritime transport; port hinterland; trade openness; urban system
2022-15

Spatial network analysis of container port operations: the case of ship turnaround times

César Ducruet, Hidekazu Itoh

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Abstract
This research investigates the determinants of ship turnaround times at about 2,300 container ports between 1977 and 2016, based on nearly 3 million daily vessel movements. It adopts a multilevel approach combining territorial and network indicators to characterize ports, and proposes a new methodology calculating shipping delays. Main results reveal that port connectivity, Gross Domestic Product per capita, the number of vessel calls, and island location foster efficient port operations. Conversely, urban population, voyage delays at sea, maximum ship size, and upstream location increase turnaround time. While average turnaround time and inter-port sailing time have both regularly declined, operational and technological changes in the ports and maritime sector - especially after the 2007/8 global financial crisis - accelerated intra-port time and slowed down inter-port time. This relational and spatial approach also underlines the geographic differentiation of ship times nationally and regionally, as it is far from being randomly distributed on the globe.
Mot(s) clé(s)
congestion; containerization; liner shipping networks; port cities; ship turnaround time; uncertainty
2022-27

The spatial determinants of innovation diffusion: evidence from global shipping networks

César Ducruet, Hidekazu Itoh

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Abstract
Based on untapped shipping and urban data, this article compares the diffusion of steam and container shipping at the port city level and at the global scale between 1880 and 2008. A temporal and multi-layered network is constructed, including the pre-existing technologies of sailing and breakbulk. The goal is to check the differences a) between innovations and their predecessors and b) between innovations, from an urban network perspective. Main results show that despite certain differences, such as historical context, voyage length, speed of diffusion, and geographical spread, the two innovations share a large quantity of similarities. They both fostered port concentration, were boosted by city size and port connectivity, bypassed upstream port sites, and diverged gradually from older technologies. This research thus contributes to the literature on cities, networks, innovation, and maritime transport.
Mot(s) clé(s)
containerization; maritime transport; port cities; regional disparity; spatial networks; steam shipping; technological change
2021-29

Port-city linkages and multi-level hinterlands: the case of France

Mounir Amdaoud, César Ducruet, Marc-Antoine Faure

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Abstract
The objective of this research is to examine the similarities between port traffic structure and economic structure of French port cities. Such an exercise is challenged by the core-periphery pattern of the French economy favouring transhipment. Based on the combination of Automated Identification System (AIS) data and employment data, it performs complementary analyses of the mutual specialization between ports and cities. Main results show that while larger cities handle more diversified traffic, the cross-specialization is blurred by the complexity of trade networks and supply chains. We then propose a novel methodology whereby the spatial unit of analysis is enlarged according to the type and volume of port traffic, thus considerably improving the statistical significance and economic meaningfulness of the observed linkages.
Mot(s) clé(s)
AIS; hinterland; maritime transport; port city; specialization; supply chain
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